Licorice - Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Description of medicinal herbs licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Medicinal herbs - Liquorice - a perennial herb of the legume family (Leguminosae) in height from 50 to 150 cm
Underground plant organs, which are raw materials for parts consist of the parent of the root, as well as vertical and horizontal roots, forming a multi-tiered network of entanglements and fortified in the soil with adventitious roots. Licorice roots penetrate to a depth of 8 m, usually reaching the water table. Stalks depart from both the main root, and the vertical and horizontal roots, through which some individuals grow vegetatively in the square to a few tens of square meters. Segments of rhizomes are well acclimatized, so cloning is the primary method of restarting licorice and expansion of its vegetation.
Stems glabrous or sparsely and korotkoopushennye, usually with rare scattered punctate glands or glandular spines.
The leaves are pinnate compound, between 5 and 20 cm, with 3-10 pairs of adhesive from the abundance of iron, shiny, thick, oblong-ovate or lanceolate leaflets.
Inflorescence - pretty loose axillary racemes length from 5 to 12 cm, with peduncles 3-7 cm long Flowers 8-12 mm long, with a whitish-purple corolla and sharp-toothed calyx.
Fruit - a long, straight or slightly curved 1-8-seeded bean up to 3.5 cm, glabrous or glandular lined with spines.
Blooms licorice in May - June, fruits ripen in August - September.
In medicine use licorice for drugs glotsirama, likviritona and flakarbina.
[Top] Habitat and distribution of licorice
This medicinal herbs mainly distributed along floodplains and river valleys of the steppe and semi-desert regions of Central Asia and the southern European part of the country. Feature of this habitat is a relatively high water table and the temporary flooding of water in the spring and summer. It also grows along the banks and in the beds of dried-up rivers and oxbow lakes, on the banks of shallow streams, ditches and gutters. Licorice lives as plain spaces between, and on the mountain slopes, usually preferring the small hollows and depressions. Being persistent weeds, it is often found in crops, planting and in wastelands. In the mountains, where the roots can reach the water table rises to a height of 2000 m above sea level.
[Top] The blank licorice and quality of raw materials
The roots and rhizomes of licorice harvest depending on the location and weather conditions blanks from March to November. Industrial logging liquorice is mechanized - vypahivaniem plantation plow with the tractor pull. Less often the root dug by hand with shovels. When collecting materials should be selected only 50-75% of the total stock of roots and rhizomes. 25-50% of the roots should be left in the soil to ensure the restoration of overgrown licorice through vegetative propagation. Repeated harvesting of raw licorice on the same site in the middle can be in 6-8 years, during which the thicket usually fully restored. With mechanized mining of raw materials after collecting the root should be used more farming practices, the recovery thickets licorice.
The area of licorice contracts, it is included in the Red Book of herbs some states. Recommended order licorice piece and put it into the culture. Recovery of raw materials licorice in one of two ways:
* Cultivation of wild bush (the removal of trees and shrubs, turf grass and planting krupnostebelnyh licorice), and thus increase their productivity;
* Expansion of industrial plantations.
Collected medicinal herbs first put in loose stacks to air dry. In areas where the possibility of solar drying is limited to adverse weather conditions, the roots can be dried under a canopy with a good draft or in firing kilns at temperatures below 60 ° C. The root is considered to be dry when it breaks when bent, and does not bend. Dried root sent for further processing at the plant.
In appearance and chemical properties of licorice root must meet state standards, according to which the thickness of the segments of the roots and rhizomes of 5 to 50 mm or more, the length is different, the root at the turn light yellow and rotten. Chemical characterization includes the following: Moisture not more than 14% ash content not exceeding 8%, extractives of not less than 25%; glitsirizinovoy acid is not less than 6%.
[Top] The chemical composition of licorice
From the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza allocated up to 23% saponin, glycyrrhizin (potassium and calcium salt of glycyrrhizic acid), giving them a sweet taste, and up to 4% flavonoids (likviritin, likviritozid, izolikviritin etc.) glabrovaya, glycyrrhetic acid, steroids, essential oil, asparagine, ascorbic acid, bitterness, pigments, resins, etc.
Aboveground part of licorice contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, essential oils, sugars, pigments and other substances. This opens up the prospects of use in medicine also elevated part licorice as a possible raw materials for making drugs palitelnogo contrast, protistotsidnogo, antispasmodic and antiviral action.
[Top] Application licorice in medicine
Liquorice as decoctions, tinctures, extracts or powders prescribed as an expectorant in diseases of the lungs, accompanied by cough, as anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic giperatsidnom gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in the medicinal mixtures - as a diuretic and laxative. As an aid in herbal form of licorice root is used in adissonovoy disease hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. In order to stimulate the adrenal cortex licorice used in systemic lupus, allergic dermatitis, pemphigus and other licorice powder is widely used in the pharmaceutical field as a basis for the pills, and as a means to improve the taste and odor of drugs.
In this country of liquorice, the following drugs for action: on the basis of glycyrrhizic acid - glycyram (for the treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, eczema and other diseases), based on flavonoids - likviriton flakarbin and (for the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer).
Infusion of liquorice
10 g (1 tbsp) chopped licorice root placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 cup) of hot water, close lid and heated (for water bath) for 15-20 minutes. Then cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, strain and squeeze the remaining raw materials. The resulting infusion diluted with boiled water to the original volume - 200 ml. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day as an expectorant. Infusion stored in a cool place not more than 2 days.
Wasteland, dumps quickly settles licorice golaya.U her complicated root system: Short-many-headed rootstock leaves five meters taproot at half-meter depth from a lot of shoots, branches stolons with buds on the ends of which razvivayutsya new plants.
Medicinal herbs-mustard
Description of medicinal herbs licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Medicinal herbs - Liquorice - a perennial herb of the legume family (Leguminosae) in height from 50 to 150 cm
Underground plant organs, which are raw materials for parts consist of the parent of the root, as well as vertical and horizontal roots, forming a multi-tiered network of entanglements and fortified in the soil with adventitious roots. Licorice roots penetrate to a depth of 8 m, usually reaching the water table. Stalks depart from both the main root, and the vertical and horizontal roots, through which some individuals grow vegetatively in the square to a few tens of square meters. Segments of rhizomes are well acclimatized, so cloning is the primary method of restarting licorice and expansion of its vegetation.
Stems glabrous or sparsely and korotkoopushennye, usually with rare scattered punctate glands or glandular spines.
The leaves are pinnate compound, between 5 and 20 cm, with 3-10 pairs of adhesive from the abundance of iron, shiny, thick, oblong-ovate or lanceolate leaflets.
Inflorescence - pretty loose axillary racemes length from 5 to 12 cm, with peduncles 3-7 cm long Flowers 8-12 mm long, with a whitish-purple corolla and sharp-toothed calyx.
Fruit - a long, straight or slightly curved 1-8-seeded bean up to 3.5 cm, glabrous or glandular lined with spines.
Blooms licorice in May - June, fruits ripen in August - September.
In medicine use licorice for drugs glotsirama, likviritona and flakarbina.
[Top] Habitat and distribution of licorice
This medicinal herbs mainly distributed along floodplains and river valleys of the steppe and semi-desert regions of Central Asia and the southern European part of the country. Feature of this habitat is a relatively high water table and the temporary flooding of water in the spring and summer. It also grows along the banks and in the beds of dried-up rivers and oxbow lakes, on the banks of shallow streams, ditches and gutters. Licorice lives as plain spaces between, and on the mountain slopes, usually preferring the small hollows and depressions. Being persistent weeds, it is often found in crops, planting and in wastelands. In the mountains, where the roots can reach the water table rises to a height of 2000 m above sea level.
[Top] The blank licorice and quality of raw materials
The roots and rhizomes of licorice harvest depending on the location and weather conditions blanks from March to November. Industrial logging liquorice is mechanized - vypahivaniem plantation plow with the tractor pull. Less often the root dug by hand with shovels. When collecting materials should be selected only 50-75% of the total stock of roots and rhizomes. 25-50% of the roots should be left in the soil to ensure the restoration of overgrown licorice through vegetative propagation. Repeated harvesting of raw licorice on the same site in the middle can be in 6-8 years, during which the thicket usually fully restored. With mechanized mining of raw materials after collecting the root should be used more farming practices, the recovery thickets licorice.
The area of licorice contracts, it is included in the Red Book of herbs some states. Recommended order licorice piece and put it into the culture. Recovery of raw materials licorice in one of two ways:
* Cultivation of wild bush (the removal of trees and shrubs, turf grass and planting krupnostebelnyh licorice), and thus increase their productivity;
* Expansion of industrial plantations.
Collected medicinal herbs first put in loose stacks to air dry. In areas where the possibility of solar drying is limited to adverse weather conditions, the roots can be dried under a canopy with a good draft or in firing kilns at temperatures below 60 ° C. The root is considered to be dry when it breaks when bent, and does not bend. Dried root sent for further processing at the plant.
In appearance and chemical properties of licorice root must meet state standards, according to which the thickness of the segments of the roots and rhizomes of 5 to 50 mm or more, the length is different, the root at the turn light yellow and rotten. Chemical characterization includes the following: Moisture not more than 14% ash content not exceeding 8%, extractives of not less than 25%; glitsirizinovoy acid is not less than 6%.
[Top] The chemical composition of licorice
From the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza allocated up to 23% saponin, glycyrrhizin (potassium and calcium salt of glycyrrhizic acid), giving them a sweet taste, and up to 4% flavonoids (likviritin, likviritozid, izolikviritin etc.) glabrovaya, glycyrrhetic acid, steroids, essential oil, asparagine, ascorbic acid, bitterness, pigments, resins, etc.
Aboveground part of licorice contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids, essential oils, sugars, pigments and other substances. This opens up the prospects of use in medicine also elevated part licorice as a possible raw materials for making drugs palitelnogo contrast, protistotsidnogo, antispasmodic and antiviral action.
[Top] Application licorice in medicine
Liquorice as decoctions, tinctures, extracts or powders prescribed as an expectorant in diseases of the lungs, accompanied by cough, as anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic giperatsidnom gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in the medicinal mixtures - as a diuretic and laxative. As an aid in herbal form of licorice root is used in adissonovoy disease hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. In order to stimulate the adrenal cortex licorice used in systemic lupus, allergic dermatitis, pemphigus and other licorice powder is widely used in the pharmaceutical field as a basis for the pills, and as a means to improve the taste and odor of drugs.
In this country of liquorice, the following drugs for action: on the basis of glycyrrhizic acid - glycyram (for the treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic dermatitis, eczema and other diseases), based on flavonoids - likviriton flakarbin and (for the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer).
Infusion of liquorice
10 g (1 tbsp) chopped licorice root placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 cup) of hot water, close lid and heated (for water bath) for 15-20 minutes. Then cooled at room temperature for 45 minutes, strain and squeeze the remaining raw materials. The resulting infusion diluted with boiled water to the original volume - 200 ml. Take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day as an expectorant. Infusion stored in a cool place not more than 2 days.
Wasteland, dumps quickly settles licorice golaya.U her complicated root system: Short-many-headed rootstock leaves five meters taproot at half-meter depth from a lot of shoots, branches stolons with buds on the ends of which razvivayutsya new plants.
Medicinal herbs-mustard